IAS

INDIAN CIVIL SERVICES : SCHEME OF EXAMINATION

The Civil Services Examination is conducted by UPSC (Union Public Service Commission) every year.
The examination has three stages i.e.,
(1) Civil Services Preliminary Examinations (CSP) - normally conducted during the second half of May.
(2) Civil Services (Main) Examinations conducted during the month of October/November. Here, those who are selected in the preliminary examination only are eligible to appear.
(3) Those who are selected in the main examination will be eligible to appear before the Interview Board at New Delhi.

Preliminary Examination (CSP)

CSP consists of two papers Which is common for all candidates from 2011 i.e., No optional paper is there in CSP form 2011.This is the first stage of Civil Services Examination. This is an Objective type examination consisting of Two Papers that is common to all candidates from 2011 having special emphasis on testing their “aptitude for civil services” as well as on “ethical and moral dimension of decision making”. Normally, there are about 3 lakh applications for the preliminary examination. From this, the UPSC selects 10 to 12 folds of vacancies for the main examinations. This is only for the selection and not to be taken into consideration in the main ranking.

Subjects for Preliminary Examination:

• As per the decision of Government of India, there shall be change in the syllabus and pattern of the Preliminary Examination from 2011 in the scheme of the Civil Services Examination.

• The Preliminary Examination shall now comprise of two compulsory Papers of 200 marks each and of two hours duration each. Detailed below is the new syllabus and pattern of the Preliminary Examination, which is brought to the notice of the prospective candidates intending to appear at the Civil Services Examination (CSE) in 2011 onwards:

Paper I - (200 marks) Duration: Two hours

• Current events of national and international importance

• History of India and Indian National Movement

• Indian and World Geography - Physical, Social, Economic geography

of India and the World.

• Indian Polity and Governance – Constitution, Political System,

Panchayati Raj, Public Policy, Rights Issues, etc.

• Economic and Social Development – Sustainable Development,

Poverty, Inclusion, Demographics, Social Sector Initiatives, etc.

• General issues on Environmental ecology, Bio-diversity and Climate

Change - that do not require subject specialization

• General Science.

 

Paper II- (200 marks) Duration: Two hours

• Comprehension

• Interpersonal skills including communication skills;

• Logical reasoning and analytical ability

• Decision making and problem solving

• General mental ability

• Basic numeracy (numbers and their relations, orders of magnitude

etc.) (Class X level), Data interpretation (charts, graphs, tables, data

sufficiency etc. -Class X level)

• English Language Comprehension skills (Class X level).

• Questions relating to English Language Comprehension skills of Class X level

(last item in the Syllabus of Paper-II) will be tested through passages from

English language only without providing Hindi translation thereof in the question

paper.

• The questions will be of multiple choice, objective type.

Main Examination

NOTE:The prospective candidates are advised to note that no changes are being introduced at this stage in the Civil Services (Main) Examination and Personality Test in the scheme of Civil Services Examination (CSE) for 2011 Onwards.

Only those who are declared by the Commission to have qualified in the Preliminary Examination in a year, are eligible for the Main examination of that year, provided they are otherwise eligible for the Main Examination.

Civil Services Main examination has two optional subjects (two papers each carries 300 marks), one General Studies (two papers each carries 300 marks), one essay (carries 200 marks) - total 2000 marks. Other than this, there are two language papers one in Indian language and one in General English at the level of 10th standard. This is to test the ability of the candidate's proficiency in his mother tongue / Indian language and English. Total nine papers. These two papers carry 300 marks each but it will not be considered for the ranking. It is must to clear these two papers. If a candidate fails to clear these papers, his other papers will not be evaluated.

The Main Examination is intended to assess the overall intellectual traits and the depth of understanding of the candidates, rather than merely the range of their information and memory. Sufficient choice of questions is allowed in the question papers.

Optional Subjects for the Main Examination:

Optional subjects: Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Botany, Chemistry, Civil Engineering, Commerce and Accountancy, Economics, Electrical Engineering, Geography, Geology, History, Law, Management, Mathematics, Mechanical Engineering, Medical Science, Philosophy, Physics, Political Science and International Relations, Psychology, Public Administration, Sociology, Statistics, Zoology. Each paper is of 3 hours duration.

Literatures:

Arabic, Assamese, Bengali, Chinese, English, French, German, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Marathi, Malayalam, Manipuri, Nepali, Oriya, Pali, Persian, Punjabi, Russian, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu.

The following combinations not allowed are:

Political Science & International Relations and Public Administration
Commerce and Management
Anthropology and Sociology
Maths and Statistics
Agriculture and Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science
Management and Public Administration
Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science and Medical Science
Any two branches of engineering.
Combination of two literatures in the above list.

Interview:

At interview stage, two-fold vacancies are called to appear before the UPSC Board. Interview carries 300 marks. Interview calls are sent on the basis of minimum marks fixed by the UPSC at its discretion. The overall ranking is done based on the Mains performance (i.e., 2000 marks) and interview. Therefore, the total marks involved in the ranking are 2300. Candidates are allotted various services keeping in view their ranks in the examination and preferences given by them in their main application form.

Note:

If a person fails in either in mains or interview, he has to appear once again from the preliminary stage.

Eligibility Conditions:

(i) Nationality:

(1) For the Indian Administrative Service and the Indian Police Service, a candidate must be a citizen of India.
(2) For other services, a candidate must be either:
(a) A citizen of India, or
(b) a subject of Nepal, or
(c) a subject of Bhutan, or
(d) a Tibetan refugee who came over to India before 1st January, 1962 with the intention of permanently settling in India. or
(e) a person of Indian origin who has migrated from Pakistan, Burma, Srilanka, East African countries of Kenya, Uganda, the United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi, Zaire, Ethiopia and Vietnam with the intention of permanently settling in India.
Provided that a candidate belonging to categories (b), (c), (d) and (e) shall be a person in whose favour a certificate of eligibility has been issued by the Government of India.
Provided further that candidates belonging to categories (b), (c) and (d) above will not be eligible for appointment to the Indian Foreign Service.
A candidate, in whose case a certificate of eligibility is necessary, may be admitted to the examination but the offer of appointment may be given only after the necessary eligibility certificate has been issued to him by the Government of India.

(ii) Minimum Educational Qualifications:

The candidate must hold a degree of any of Universities incorporated by an Act of the Central or State Legislature in India or other educational institutions established by an Act of Parliament or declared to be deemed as a University Under Section 3 of the University Grants Commission Act, 1956, or possess an equivalent qualification.

Note I:

Candidates who have appeared at an examination the passing of which would render them educationally qualified for the Commission's examination but have not been informed of the results as also the candidates who intend to appear at such a qualifying examination will also be eligible for admission to the Preliminary Examination. All candidates who are declared qualified by the Commission for taking the Civil Services (Main) Examination will be required to produce proof of passing the requisite examination with their application for the Main Examination failing which such candidates will not be admitted to the Main Examination.

Note II:

In exceptional cases the Union Public Service Commission may treat a candidate who has not any of the foregoing qualifications as a qualified candidate provided that he has passed examination conducted by the other Institutions, the standard of which in the opinion of the Commission justifies his admission to the examination.

Note III:

Candidates possessing professional and technical qualifications, which are recognised by Government, as equivalent to professional and technical degree would also be eligible for admission to the examination.

Note IV:

Candidates who have passed the final professional M.B.B.S. or any other Medical Examination but have not completed their internship by the time of submission of their applications for the Civil Services (Main) Examination, will be provisionally admitted to the Examination provided they submit along with their application a copy of certificate from the concerned authority of the University/Institution that they had passed the requisite final professional medical examination. In such cases, the candidates will be required to produce at the time of their interview original Degree or a certificate from the concerned competent authority of the University/Institution that they had completed all requirements (including completion of internship) for the award of the Degree.

(iii) Age limit:

21 years must be completed on 1st August of the year, which a candidate is appearing. Maximum 30 for general category, 33 for OBCs and 35 for SCs/STs. Ex-servicemen will get 5 more years exemption from the prescribed age limit.

(The date of birth accepted by the Commission is that entered in the Matriculation or Secondary School Leaving Certificate or in a certificate recognised by an Indian University as equivalent to Matriculation or in an extract from a Register of Matriculates maintained by a University, which extract must be certified by the proper authority of the University or in the Higher Secondary or an equivalent examination certificate).

(iv) Number of Attempts:

Four attempts for open, seven for OBCs and no limit for SCs/STs. If a person appears in the Preliminary Examination or even one paper is counted as an attempt.

(v) Restrictions on applying for the examination:

A candidate who is appointed to the Indian Administrative Service or the Indian Foreign Service on the results of an earlier examination and continues to be a member of that service will not be eligible to compete at this examination.

How to Apply:

(a) The UPSC have developed an application form common for all their examinations, which will be processed on computerised machines. This application form alongwith an Information Brochure containing general instructions for filling up the form, an acknowledgement card and an envelope for sending the application is obtainable from the designated Head Post Offices/Post Offices throughout the country as against cash payment of Rs. 20/- (Rupees twenty only). Form should be purchased from the designated Post Offices only and not from any other agency. This form can be used only once and for only one examination. Candidates must use the form supplied with the Information Brochure only and they should in no case use photocopy / reproduction / unauthorisedly printed copy of the Form. Since this form is electronically scannable, due care should be taken to fill up the application form, correctly. While filling up the application form, please refer to detailed instructions given in the Notice.

My home town Dharapuram

Dharapuram ( தாராபுரம்) is a town and a municipality in the Tirupur district of the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Dharapuram one of the Oldest Town in Tiruppur District. Dharapuram, then known as Rajarajapuram was the capital of Kongu Nadu under Kongu Cholas. The Amaravathi River flows through the ancient city of Dharapuram. It's the birth place of Tamil actor Nagesh.

Geography

Dharapuram is located at 10.73°N 77.52°E.It has an average elevation of 245 metres (803 feet). It is strategically located in the line of Palakkad pass from where it gets lot of wind for its numerous windmills. Water scarcity is high here.

Early history

Dharapuram and the region around the town were part of the Chera and Kongu country in ancient times. They had their own Chera and Kongu kings ruling them till 850 A.D. Thereafter (in 1000 A.D. - 1275 A.D.) it was ruled by the Kongu Cholas who renamed Dharapuram as Rajarajapuram (also Viradapuram) and made it as their military and political headquarters because the Cholan capital was under invasion by an hitherto unknown group in South India called Kalabhars during the dark age of Tamilakam. Sometime later, the Pandyan empire took control of the region (from 1276 A.D.). A Pandyan ruler Veerapandian made Kalingarayar, a Kongu chieftain (meaning slayer of Kalinga King's head in battlefield), the Prime minister of the Pandyan empire. During this period, the famous Kalingarayan Channel was dug by this visionary and it continues to irrigate the region.
The Viradapuram Raja built a famous fort in the heart of Rajarajapuram but it is in bad state now and no care is taken by the authorities to revamp it. Then the Muslims (Modern Sulthans) took over the rule after which Nayaks of Madurai ruled. Then Hyder Ali and Tippu Sultan had their sway. In 1799 when Tippu fell to the British, the East Indian Company took over the administration. It's famous for its Aanjeeneya Temple. British had their military camp in Therupatti village on the Palani road, regularly practicing rifle firing in the Kannimar Hills. The ancient foundry of the Chera, Kongu Nadu (Kollan Pattari) is also found to be in the same village. In ancient times, Dharapuram was known as Viradapuram with significant links to the events of the epic Mahabharata. Dharapuram and Coimbatore got the status of Municipality on the same day.
Dharapuram Municipality was promoted 1st grade municipality on May 6, 1983. That time Tirupur was a township in 1983. Dharapuram Town is situated along the bank of River Amaravathi with an extent of 9.62 km².The town attained the status of a Municipality in the year 1916 and functioning as the First Grade Municipality from 06.05.1983. The town developments completely depend on the agriculture and textile trade.
During British times, Dharapuram was the Capital of South Noyyal Dt., and Bhavani was the capital of North Noyyal Dt., now it is in Thirupur district.

Demographics

• As of 2001 India census, Dharapuram had a population of 78,137. Males constitute 49.6% of the population and females 50.4%. The majority of the people in the town belongs to the Gounder community

• Dharapuram is one of the biggest Taluks in Tirupur. One side of it is bordered by the Kodaikkanal mountain ranges. It stands on the banks of the holy Amaravathi River, a tributary of the Kaveri River.

• P. Anaipalyam is one of the small villages. Nallathankal Dam is near the village.

• Dharapuram also has a number of Windmills as it gets a large amount of wind through the Palakkad pass. In addition, it is very near the Murugan temple of Palani hills.

• The river Amaravathi flows through the town before joining cauvery. There are many temples around the town like Lord Shiva temple in the banks of the river, Thillapuraiamman Temple in the bank of Amaravathy River, Mariamman temple and Neelambur kaaliamman temple. It is located in karaiyur, karur main road, 10 km from dharapuram. It is one the famous temples in the city. The temple was celebrated on every year Tamil month maasi sivarathri night by kumaraplayam cherran kulam peoples.

Eswaran Malai

A Siva temple at Ponnivadi village on a small hill known as Eswaran Malai very close to Nallathangal Dam.

• The Amaravathi river is one of the very special river in South India coz the flow from the south to north is (Amaravathi reaches their fall in Lord God Shiva's foot Himalaya) is notified. Uppar River, Nallathankal River, Palar (of palani) all join river Amaravathi, temples and village on the banks of river Amaravathi shows the ancient history.

• It also possesses the Kadu Hanumantharaya Swami Temple which one of the sacred temples for Lord Hanuman. This is one of the Akila Bharatha Madwa Shekthram. Every year the month of may car festival celebrating by the devotees. Car festival every year Narashimma Jeyanthi Day. In Tamil Nadu the Hanumath Jayanthi (Lord Anjaneya Swami's Date of Birth) is celebrated on the new moon day of the Markazhi month.

• Bhagavan Koil which is very famous and Ugadhi is celebrated here in April, nearer to temple small dam is on Nallathankal River and easwaran temple on small hill. Ugathi function is celebrated on every year at the day of Telugu new year. 3 days function is going well on every year. Special buses operate during the festival from Dharapuram and Oddanchathram.

• Bhagavan Koil (called Chinna Bhagavan) in D. Kumarapalayam is also very famous, and it is located around 10 km from Dharapuram. Here also Ugadhi festival is celebrated every year. The devotees mainly are from Gounder and Chettiyar community.
• Shri Angalamman temple is also very familiar for Gounder community which is located at Ponnivadi. Ponnivadi is 15 km away from Dharapuram. The Sevvaya kulam people celebrate Ugadhi every year in this temple.

• Kottai Mariamman Temple in the bank of Amaravathy River near Sankarandampalayam is very famous for cures of eye problems. Sri Rathinamoorthy Samy temple is near by to Kottai Mariamman temple, Thean Easwaran Temple and Sri Periya Nachiamman Temple are also situated on the same river Bank near the village "Kothanoor" (Kotrai Nadu)

• Konguvadukanatha Swami (Bairavar) with Siva, ShivakamiAmman, Perumal and Murugan is very ancient and very famous. It is situated in Kundadam on Coimbatore Road. Saint Kongu Siddhar lived around Oothiyur hill. Konganar siddhar has visited this hill, Shiva temple is in the hill and nearby Vatta malai.

• 'Chakrathalvar Koil in bank of the river Amaravathi at Athukalputhur is also famous temple for God Chakrathalvar. It has a uppar dam which situated 10 km west of city.

• mamangam koilwith sivalingam, amman, ganesh temple is very ancient and famous it is situated in kanchipuram (suriyanallure) on Coimbatore Road. For every 12 years, there was well in temple it will overflow automatically with yellow coloured water. It was very special in that temple. This temple was built in the period of ramayanam. The lingam in that temple was built by sita during the vanavasam.
• Shri Kaliamman Temple located in Angitholuvu is also a famous temple and having Perumal Temple nearby, which is a lotus-like construction (looks like god is inside lotus). It is located about 15 km from the city.

Education

Many Higher Secondary Schools are available

• Government Higher Secondary School for Boys Dharapuram, Started on 1857, now it's age 154.
• St. Aloysius Hr. Sec. School for Girls DPM. (Famous Girls' School)
• N.C.P Municipal Higher Secondary School for Boys DPM
• Veveaham Higher Secondary School Dpm
• Centwin Matriculation Higher secondary school Dharapuram
• CSI Boys Higher Secondary School DPM
• CSI Girls Higher Secondary School DPM
• Govt. High School for Girls DPM
• Thenmalar Higher Secondary School DPM
• Sindhu matric Higher Secondary School & sainik school DPM
• Vishnu Lakshmi Matric Higher Secondary School DPM
• Ponnu Matriculation Higher Secondary School Dpm
• V.M.C.D.V Higher Secondary School, Thayampalayam DPM
• Govt. Higher Secondary School Kundadam DPM
• GHSS Kolathuppalayam DPM
• Manikaswamy Naidu Higher Secondary School Gvp, Dpm, (It is Famous for its discipline & cent percent results)
• GHS (Elugamvalasu) and GHS (Kuppichipalayam) is very famous for getting cent percent pass in SSLC Exams consistently every year.
• Dr. Nallini High School, Dharapuram

Colleges

• Govt ITI DPM and two more private ITIs
• Bishop Thorp College Dharapuram
• Bishop Nursing College Dharapuram
• Sara Nursing College Dharapuram
• TRN Polytechnic College Dharapuram
• Maharani Arts and Science College for Women Dharapuram
• Maharani college of education Dharapuram
• Maharani teacher training institute Dharapuram
• Maharani Polytechnic College Dharapuram
• Dr. Nallini Institute of Engineering and Technology, Dharapuram
• Dr. Nallini College of Education, Dharapuram
• Dr. Nallini Institute of Teacher Training Dharapuram
• Vishnu Lakshmi B.Ed college Dharapuram

Business

• Agriculture, Big Paddy Seeds Farm in Tamil Nadu
• Bricks Like Chamber, more than 25 chambers and hand made sulai will be around 250. more than 10000 worker working in Brick Chamber.
• Famous Bakery, JCB, Finance and Blue metal.
• Textiles like Spinning Mills, Rice and Oil Mills, Seeds company around 30.
• Transport like big Lorry Market and Automobile workshops are main area of business in Dharapuram.
• Jaggery Market is located on Alangiyam Road.

Famous

• In temple it is Anjayanar kovil, Easwaran kovil, Murugan kovil and Durgaiamman Temple.
• Sava kattu in Pongal Time, Rackla race, Jalli kattu in Dhalavoipattniam near Dharapuram.
• C.S.I Ellis Memorial Church was one of the old churches in the town. In 1929, Rev. James John Ellis started to build the Church with Rev. W.J. Noble.

• A SIVA temple at Ponnivadi village near Pallapalayam on a small hill known as ESWARAN MALAI very close to Nallathangal Dam. It is 10 km from DHARAPURAM. Famous for PRATHOSAM.

Transport

• Dharapuram is the major junction point of Roadways connecting(Mid point) major cities Coimbatore-Madurai, Trichy-Cochin, Tirupur- Madurai, Palani - Salem (Via Erode), Coimbatore - Theni, Dindigul-Tiruppur and Karur -Pollachi, via road connects.
• Every 5 minutes once buses available for Coimbatore, Tirupur, Erode, Palani and Madurai, midnight time every 15 minutes once buses available.
• 78 km from Erode,34 km from Palani, 80 km from Coimbatore. 48 km from Tirupur, 150 km from Trichy, 72 km from Karur, 243 km from Neyveli, 118 km from Madurai. Buses are available to all these cities 24 hours.

• Nearly 76 KM from Dindigul - southern city famous for ancient locks and Thalappakatti Biryani (typical South Indian Non Veg Dish)
• 34 km From Palani.
• 58  km from Pollachi
• 38 km from Udumalpet and Thirumoorthy falls
• No train facility is yet available in Dharapuram.
• Nearest Airport is Coimbatore (80 km)
• The nearest Railway Station to this town is Palani. Though Palani is nearby railway station, now the train route is being converted from meter gauge to broadgauge. Palani is not connected with State Capital Chennai by train. It may take another couple of years. The next nearby railway station is Tirupur (railway code: TUP) located at a distance of 48 km from Dharapuram. Tirupur is well connected with Chennai, Trivandrum, Cochin, Mangalore, Calicut, Bangalore, Mumbai, Kolkatta, New Delhi, Rajkot, Hyderabad and other important cities. But some trains don't have stops in Tiruppur, so the next nearest railway station is at ERODE (Railway code: ED) at a distance of 78 km from Dharapuram. Though Tiruppur and Erode is in same railway line, Erode is a major junction of southern railways where all the trains stop for loco changing, coach cleaning etc.
• TNSTC and Privaters operate daily buses to Chennai, Madurai, Trichy, Nagapattinam, Ooty, Theni, Tiruchendur, Kanyakumari, Tirunelveli, Rameshwaram, Sengottai, Devakottai, Sathyamangalam, Gobi, Mettur, Salem, Dharmapuri,Hosur, Bangalore and Mysore from Dharapuram.
• Two TNSTC UD buses start from Dharapuram to Chennai every day. One is Karur, Trichy Route, another is Erode, Salem Route. The Karur Trichy bus won't go to Trichy if it is full. Instead, it will go via Kulithalai, Musiri, Perambalur, Chennai. The Karur via Chennai bus will start at 7:00 PM. The Erode via Chennai Bus starts at 6:45 PM.
• Two private bus services are also available for Chennai at 8:00 PM and 9:00 PM. Its name is Vivegam Travels and Mettur Bus services (A/C).

Famous Persons

• Actor Nagesh
• Sundararajan, Director
• Dharapuram Mr. Sundararajan Singer
• Late Mr. A. Senapathi Gounder EX Palani M.P
• Mr.S.K. Karvendhan B.SC B.L Member of National Backward Department & EX Palani M.P
• Mr. K.V. Ramalingam B.A. PWD Minister, Current TN Govt 2011
• Mr. Best S Ramasamy Gounder, Industrialist & President - Kongunadu Munnetra Kazhagam
• Mr. K.S.N. Venugopalu, M.A, M.L.A, Palani Constituency S/o. Late A. Senapathy Gounder,
• Mr. Thaniarasu, MA, MLA, President of Kongu Ilaignar Peravai
• ChaplinBalu Actor

Administration and Politics

Dharapuram has been reserved constituency from 1967 to still day its assembly constituency (SC) is part of Erode Lok Sabha constituency.

Member of Parliament

Mr. A. Ganeshmurthi - Dharapuram comes under Erode Constituency. Previously it came under Pollachi.

Member of Legislative Assembly

Mr. Ponnusamy from ADMK

Revenue Division

1.Dharapuram:

Revenue taluk

i)Dharapuram Taluk ii)Kangeyam Taluk

Thiruvalluvar By Sri Swami Sivananda

About two thousand years ago there flourished in Mylapore, Madras, a born Siddha and a born poet by name Valluvar or, as he is more commonly known, ‘Thiruvalluvar’, which only means, ‘the devotee of the Valluva caste’. Valluvas are Pariahs (now called Harijans) and their vocation was proclaiming the orders of the king by beat of drum. There is a tradition that Thiruvalluvar was the son of one Bhagavan, a Brahmin, and Adi, a Pariah woman whom he had married.

Thiruvalluvar was born at Madurai, the capital of the Pandyas. He is regarded as an Avatara of Brahma. His wife Vasuki was a chaste and devoted lady, an ideal wife, who never disobeyed the orders of her husband, but always carried them out implicitly. Thiruvalluvar showed people that a person could lead the life of a Grihastha or householder, and at the same time, lead a divine life or a life of purity and sanctity. He showed people that there was no necessity to leave the family and become a Sannyasin to lead a divine life of purity and sanctity. All his wise sayings and teachings are now in book form and known as ‘Thirukkural’. These sayings are all in couplets. Here are some of them:

Just as the alphabet ‘A’ is the beginning of all letters, so also, God is the beginning for this universe.

Learn the Shastras completely and then act according to their injunctions.

The Anicha flower will fade by smelling, but guests are more sensitive if the hosts turn their faces a bit.

Death is like sleeping in the burial ground;
birth is like waking in the morning.

These couplets are 1,330 in number. They contain the essence of the Vedas, the Upanishads and the six Darshanas. Thirukkural is regarded as a universal Bible. It is another Gita, Koran or Zend Avesta.

Some aspirants repaired to Thiruvalluvar and enquired: "O sage, which Ashrama of life is better—Grihastha or Sannyasa?". Thiruvalluvar did not give any answer. He simply kept quiet. He wanted to teach them the glory of Grihastha Ashrama by example.

Thiruvalluvar was taking cold rice in the morning. He said to his wife: "Vasuki, the rice is very hot. Bring a fan to cool it". Thiruvalluvar’s wife was drawing water from the well when Thiruvalluvar called her. She at once left the rope and ran to him with a fan to cool the rice. She did not say to her husband: "How can the cold rice be hot? Why do you want a fan now?". She simply obeyed his commands. The vessel that contained water was hanging half-way in the well unsupported, on account of her Pativrata Dharma Shakti. The aspirants noticed this phenomenon and the noble conduct of Vasuki and were simply struck with amazement.

About midday, on another occasion, Valluvar called his wife and said, "Bring a lamp immediately, O Vasuki! I am stitching the cloth. I cannot see the eye of the needle. I cannot pass the thread properly". Vasuki did not say to her husband: "It is broad daylight now. Why do you want a lamp? You can see the eye of the needle clearly". But she implicitly obeyed his word. The aspirants were much inspired by the ideal life of sage Thiruvalluvar and the exalted conduct of Vasuki. They did not speak a word to the saint. They took leave of the saint and quietly left the place with profound satisfaction. They were deeply impressed by the practical and exemplary life led by Thiruvalluvar and Vasuki. They learnt the lesson that the life of an ideal householder was in no way inferior to that of an ideal Sannyasin who was treading the path of Nivritti and austerity in the Himalayan caves and that each was great in its own place, time and circumstances.

Dear readers! Such ladies sit enthroned in the hearts of their husbands. No doubt they are hard to find, because such women never advertise themselves; but there must be many in our land of Rishis and sages; and unless we maintain such a high level of moral purity, we will all be going down in these days of modern civilization and scientific advancement. If the husbands of the present day behave like Thiruvalluvar, the wives will say, "My husband has become senseless. He wants to fan the rice when it is so cold! He wants a light when there is broad sunlight". The wives will rebuke their husbands and fight with them.

That house wherein the wife serves the husband with sincere devotion and observes Pativrata Dharma is heaven on earth. That house wherein the wife fights with the husband and disobeys his orders is a veritable hell on earth. Ladies who practise Pativrata Dharma need not go to temples. They need not practise any Vrata or penance. Service to the husband becomes worship. They can realise God through service to their husbands. Husbands also should be ideal persons with noble qualities. Husbands are the Gurus for their wives. The wives need not get any initiation from any Acharya. Glory to such exalted ladies who practise Pativrata Dharma!

The word BUDDHA..

The word Buddha means "One Who is Awake"

History records that the Buddha was born as a prince in an ancient kingdom of northern India. Although as a youth he was protected by his father in beautiful palaces, as he grew older the Buddha encountered what we must all face - the inevitable sorrows of life. He saw the loss of all things we hold dear, and the aging, sickness, and death that come to every human being. Seeing this, he chose to renounce his royal title and leave his palace to become a seeker of truth, searching for the end of human sorrow, searching for freedom in the face of the ceaseless round of birth and death.

For some years the Buddha practiced as an austere yogi in the forests of India. In time he realized that his extreme asceticism had brought him no more freedom than his previous indulgence in worldly pleasure. Instead, he saw that human freedom must come from practicing a life of inner and outer balance, and he called this discovery the Middle Path.

Having seen this, the Buddha seated himself under a Bodhi tree and vowed to find liberation in the face of the forces that bring suffering to humankind. He felt himself assailed by these forces - by fear, attachment, greed, hatred, delusion, temptation, and doubt. The Buddha sat in the midst of these forces with his heart open and his mind clear until he could see to the depths of human consciousness, until he discovered a place of peace at the center of them all. This was his enlightenment, the discovery of Nirvana, the freeing of his heart from entanglement in all the conditions of the world.

The realization of truth that he touched that night was so profound that his teachings about it have continued to inspire and enlighten people all over the world to this day. Over the centuries, one and a half billion people, one quarter of the human race, have followed the Buddha's way.

From the Buddha's enlightenment, two great powers were awakened in him: transcendent wisdom and universal compassion. Setting in motion the Wheel of the Dharma, the Buddha wandered first to the Deer Park in Benares and gave instructions to the yogis who had practiced with him in the forest. After this, for forty-five years he brought the teachings of wisdom and compassion to all who would listen. These teachings, which the Buddha called the Dharma, or Way, are an invitation to follow the path of enlightenment. They are an invitation to all who hear them to discover their own buddha-nature, the freedom and great heart of compassion that is possible for every human being.

For twenty-five hundred years the practices and teachings of Buddhism have offered a systematic way to see clearly and live wisely. They have offered a way to discover liberation within our own bodies and minds, in the midst of this very world.

It is said that soon after his enlightenment the Buddha passed a man on the road who was struck by the Buddha's extraordinary radiance and peaceful presence. The man stopped and asked,

My friend, what are you?
Are you a celestial being or a god?

No

said the Buddha

Well, then, are you some kind of magician or wizard?

again the Buddha answered

No

Are you a man?

No

Well, my friend, then what are you?

the Buddha replied

I am awake

Live In Joy:...)

Live in Joy
in Love

Even among those who hate

Live in Joy
in Health

Even among the afflicted

Live in Joy
in Peace

Even among the troubled

Look within
Be still

Free from fear and attachment
Know the sweet joy of the way

Master your senses

What you taste and smell

What you see
What you hear

In all things

Be a Master

of what you do

and say

and think

Be Free

Are you quiet?

Calm your body
Calm your mind

By your own efforts

Waken yourself
Watch yourself

And live Joyfully

Follow the truth of The Way

Reflect upon it

Make it your own

Live it

It will always sustain you

WE ARE WHAT WE THINK: BY Buddha

We are what we think

All that we are arises with our thoughts

With our thoughts we make the world

Speak or act with an impure mind, and trouble will follow you, as the wheel follows the ox that draws the cart

We are what we think

All that we are arises with our thoughts

With our thoughts we make the world

Speak or act with a pure mind, and Happiness will follow you, as your shadow, unshakable

How can a troubled mind understand the way?

Your worst enemy cannot harm you as much as your own thoughts, unguarded

But once mastered, no one can help you as much, not even your father or your mother

Sahitya Akademi Award for Tamil language

1955-1975	R. P. Sethu Pillai (1955) · Kalki Krishnamurthy (1956) · C. Rajagopalachari (1958) · Mu. Varadarajan (1961) · Mi. Pa. Somasundaram (1962) · Akilan (1963) · P. Sri Acharya (1965) · Ma. Po. Si. (1966) · K. V. Jagannathan (1967) · A. Srinivasa Raghavan (1968) · Bharatidasan (1969) · Ku. Alagirisami (1970) · Na. Parthasarathy (1971) · D. Jayakanthan (1972) · Rajam Krishnan (1973) · K. D. Thirunavukkarasu (1974) · R. Dhandayudham (1975) ·
1976-2000	Indira Parthasarathy (1977) · Vallikannan (1978) · Thi.Janakiraman (1979) · Kannadasan (1980) · M. Ramalingam (1981) · B. S. Ramaiya (1982) · T. M. Chidambara Ragunathan (1983) · Lakshmi Thiripurasundari (1984) · A. S. Gnanasambandan (1985) · Ka. Naa. Subramaniam (1986) · Aadhavan Sundaram (1987) · V. C. Kulandaiswamy (1988) · La Sa Ra (1989) · Su. Samuthiram (1990) · Ki. Rajanarayanan (1991) · Kovi. Manisekaran (1992) · M. V. Venkatram (1993) · Ponneelan (1994) · Prapanchan (1995) · Ashoka Mitran (1996) · Thoppil Mohamed Meeran (1997) · Sa. Kandasamy (1998) · S. Abdul Rahman (1999) · Thi. Ka. Sivasankaran (2000)
2001-present	C. S. Chellappa (2001) · Sirpi Balasubramaniam (2002) · Vairamuthu (2003) · Tamilanban (2004) · G. Thilakavathi (2005) · Mu. Metha (2006) · Neela Padmanabhan (2007) Melanmai Ponnusamy (2008) · Puviarasu (2009) · Nanjil Nadan (2010) ·

Mr.Kanna dasan

கண்ணதாசன் (24 June 1927 – 17 October 1981) was a Tamil poet and lyricist, heralded as one of the greatest and most important writer in the Tamil language. Frequently called Kaviarasu (English: King of Poets), Kannadasan was most familiar for his song lyrics in Tamil films and contributed around 5000 lyrics besides 6000 poems and 232 books, including novels, epics, plays, essays, his most popular being the 10-part religious essay on Hinduism, captioned Arthamulla Indhumatham (English: Meaningful Hinduism). He won the Sahitya Akademi Award for his novel Cheraman Kadali in the year 1980 and was the first ever to receive the National Film Award for Best Lyrics, given in 1969 for the film Kuzhanthaikkaga.

"Kaviarasu" Kannadasan
Born	A. L. Muthiah June 24, 1927 Sirukudalpatti, Tamil Nadu, India
Died	October 17, 1981 (aged 54) Chicago, Illinois, United States
Pen name	Karaimuthu Pulavar, Vanangamudi, Kamakappriya, Parvathi Nathan, Arokkiya Saamy
Occupation	poet, novelist, lyricist, politician, film producer, editor
Nationality	Indian
Citizenship	Indian
Notable award(s)	National Film Award for Best Lyrics 1961 Kuzhanthaikkaga Sahitya Akademi Award 1980 Cheraman Kadali
Spouse(s)	Ponnazhagi Parvathi Valliammai
Children	13

 

Notable Novels

• Aval oru inthup pen (1992)
• Sivappukal mukkuththi (1992)
• Raththa pushpangkal (1992)
• Swarna saraswathi (1992)
• Nadantha kathai (1992)
• Mica (1992)
• Suruthi ceratha rakangkal (1992)
• Muppadhu nalum pournami (1992)
• Kadal konda thennadu (1992)
• Arangamum antharankamum (1992)
• Ayiram thIvu angkayarkanni (1992)
• Theivath thirumanangkal natakam (1992)
• Ayirangaal mandapam (1992)
• Athaivida rakasiyam (1992)
• Kathal konda thennadu (1992)
• Oru kavingnanin kadhai (1978)
• Singkai partha chennai (1992)
• Velangkattiyur vizha (1992)
• Vilakku mattuma sivappu (1992)
• Vanavasam (1981)
• Athaivida ragasiyam (1981)
• Birunthaavanam (1994)

Autobiographies

• Enathu Vasantha Kalangkal
• Enathu Suyasaritham
• Vanavasam

Poet laureate

Kannadasan was the poet Laureate of the Tamil Nadu Government at the time of his death. He wrote an autobiography, titled Vanavasam.

Death

Kannadasan died on 17 October 1981 in Chicago, United States, where he had gone from India to attend a Tamil conference organised by the Tamil Association of Chicago. A house in Sirukootalpatti is now a memorial for the Tamil film music's evergreen favourites. The Kannadasan memorial museum was inaugurated on October 21, 1992.